<< Hide Menu
1 min read•june 18, 2024
📖 AMSCO p.167 - p.176
Term | Definition + Significance |
Philip II | The son of Charles V and the king of Spain from 1556 to 1598. An absolute monarch who helped lead the Counter-Reformation and sent the Spanish Armada against England. |
Spanish Armada | The great fleet sent from Spain against England by King Philip II in 1588; it was defeated by the terrible winds and fire ships. |
Peace of Augsburg | An agreement signed in 1555 declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. |
Edict of Nantes | A treaty signed in 1598 by King Henry VI that granted the Huguenots liberty of worship. |
Thirty Years’ War | (1618-1648) War within the Holy Roman Empire between German Protestants and their allies and the emperor and his ally, Spain. It ended in 1648 with the Treaty of Westphalia. |
Peace of Westphalia | The peace treaty that ended the Thirty Years' War in 1648. Stated that each area of the Holy Roman Empire could select one state religion: Lutheranism, Calvinism, or Roman Catholicism. |
Indulgences | In the Roman Catholic Church, a pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime through payment. |
Simony | The Roman Catholic practice of buying and selling of church offices. |
Holy Synod | The replacement Peter the Great created for the office of Patriarch of the Russian Orthodox Church. It was composed of clergymen who were overseen by a secular official ad answered to the tsar. |
Counter-Reformation | The Catholic Church's attempt to stop the Protestant movement and to strengthen the Catholic Church. |
Inquisition | A Roman Catholic practice to root out and punish non-believers with heresy. |
Jesuits | Also known as the Society of Jesus; founded as a missionary order to resist the spread of Protestantism and increase the spread of Roman Catholicism. |
Council of Trent | A meeting of Roman Catholic leaders to rule on doctrines criticized by Protestant reformers. They corrected church abuses and published a book on prohibited manuscripts, including Protestant copies of the Bible. |
Martin Luther | a German monk who became one of the most famous critics of the Roman Catholic Chruch and founded Lutheranism. He wrote 95 Theses, or statements of belief attacking the church practices. |
95 Theses | Accusations against the Roman Catholic Church written by Martin Luther that were nailed to a church door in Germany, 1517. |
John Calvin | A French theologian who developed a branch of Protestantism known as Calvinism. |
Elect | In Calvinism, these people ruled the community because they were predestined. |
Predestined | In Calvinism, those who have been chosen by God for salvation. |
Puritans | A religious group who wanted to purify the Church of England. Their beliefs were similar to those of Calvinists. |
Protestant Reformation | A religious movement in the 16th century that began as an attempt to reform the Roman Catholic Church and resulted in the creation of Protestant churches and new branches of Protestantism. |
Anglican Church | A church created by King Henry VIII of England that was free of control from the pope of Rome. |
Shariah | Islamic code of law. |
Empiricism | An idea founded by Francis Bacon that said science should rely on observation and experimentation because knowledge comes from experience. |
© 2024 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved.